Human Resources & Organizational Effectiveness Essay Example for Free

Human Resources Organizational Effectiveness Essay Small scaled businesses are very important for developing countries and as well as developed countries. In a country like the China a small business can become success and it will play an important role in the economy of the country. Small businesses are growing in importance in the China; hundreds of small businesses are opened every month in the country, by people who have found themselves squeezed out of a corporation due to downsizing or who voluntarily leave the corporate world so that they can seek a slower pace and healthier balance between world and family life. Small businesses are mostly opened by women and minorities in the China. As the smallest businesses become increasingly complicated due to globalization, government regulations and customer demands for better quality at lower prices, managerial dexterity is very complex and it is very hard to become a success. (Szarka, 1990) Managers in small businesses tend to emphasize roles different from those managers in large companies. Managers in small companies often see their most important role as a spokesperson, because they need to promote the small, growing company to the outside world. The entrepreneur role in the small business is very important, because the managers must be very creative and help their company to develop new ideas so that they can be competitive with other companies. Small business managers tend to rate lower on the leader role and on information processing roles compared with counterparts in large companies. As the world of small organizations become increasingly complex, managers should carefully incorporate the 3 categories for roles. They must simultaneously mange by information; manage through people, and mange through action to keep their organizations healthy. (Szarka, 1990) Managing a Small Growing Business Once a business is set up and running, how does the owner manage it? Often the traits of self-confidence, creativity and internal locus of control lead to financial and personal grief as the company grows. A hands-on to the entrepreneur who gave birth to the small business or company, loves perfecting every ting detail of the company. But after the start-up, continued growth requires a shift in the management style. Those who fail to adjust to a growing business can be the cause of the problems rather than the solution for the company. A small business goes through distinct stages of growth; with each of the stage the company requires different management styles and skills. Intrapreneurship in a Small Business Intrapreneurship can be defined as a process which recognizes the need for innovation within the company, plus it helps with managing the company. The following rules help to develop the necessary environment which is required in the company, they are as follows: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The employees should be encourages 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The management should use informal meeting whenever possible 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company should learn to tolerate failure and learn from it 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The employees should be rewarded for their innovative ideas 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teams should be formed Human Resource Practices The human resource practices in a small and medium business differ from large organizations. Planning In the early stage of existence, formal planning tends to be nonexistence except for the business plan. The business plan can be defined as a document which specifies the business detail of the company by the entrepreneur. The primary goal is to remain alive within the industry. As the company grows, formal kind of planning is not usually instituted until the company does not reach its success stage in the growth stages of the company. For example, records selling company in the China has defined a goal by carving out a niche in the volatile record industry by focusing only on roots music, which is an electric mix of soulful and down home sounds with country edge. This company is only one of the few surviving profitable companies in the country.   (Cameron Miller, 2008) Organizing In the 2 stages of company’s growth, the company’s organization structure is very informal, where all the employees are reporting to the owner of the company. By the third stage the functional managers are hired to take over the duties from the owner. A functional organization will be created and there will be changes in all the departments of the company. In this stage the managers will be able to learn how to delegate responsibilities to others. But these days most small companies in the China are limiting creating ways so that they can stay small but still grow. For example, Woodspirits, it a company that produces and distributes 300,000 soaps to its customers annually. It just employs 3 that work for the company. The company doesn’t want to lose its edge and flexibility; therefore the companies are willing to stay small. Leading Leading is considered to be the driving force in the development of the company, and it is one of the ways to manage a company. The vision along with the leader’s personality actually shapes the small company. With the help of leadership, it is able to point out cultural values, efficiency and ethics of the company. Leadership is also considered important because a great deal of small businesses usually have a hard time of employing qualified workers. There is always a labor shortage for a small company, and these shortages usually damage the company a great deal. Controlling It is also important that there is a financial control in the company. In the company’s starting days control was exercised by simple accounting records and through personal supervision. The control techniques usually become more sophisticated during the resource maturity of the company. For example, the Sock Shop was originally a hit in the US, but it failed due to a lack of control within the company. (Fullmer, 1983) Compensation Compensation of employees in a SME is mostly based on the jobs and its evaluations.   With job analysis information as a part of the department’s HR information system, compensation analysts have the minimum information needed to evaluate the work activities of their employees. Job evaluations are steps and procedures that help to identify the relative worth of jobs or work activities. There are different kinds of approaches to the evaluation of a job; these approaches consider the responsibility of the employee, skills that are needed for the job, efforts done by the employee and the working conditions related to the job. Without job evaluation the HR department would not be able to create a rational approach to pay. The most common methods for job evaluation that helps with a compensation plan are job ranking, job grading system where as in large organizations it is done through factor compensation and the point system.   But the best way the HR can compensate the employ ees is through job grading, why, because, it is the simplest way to classify a job and the companies don’t have to spend a great deal of money on it. (Werther Davis, 1996)

The Global Feminist and the Transnational Feminist Essay -- Gender Stu

Academic discourse is the means by which new and old theories may be applied to a topic in order to reach a better understanding or challenge a notion raised within the field. It is through discussing and analyzing these concepts that individual voices may be applied to an academic community, allowing for a wider lens of thought to be picked up and further discussed. Grewal participates in this discourse in her article â€Å"'Women's Rights as Human Rights': Feminist Practices, Global Feminism, and Human Rights Regimes in Transnationality†. This paper shall analyze and discuss how Grewal applies previous theoretical concepts related to feminist discourse in order to offer a Transnationalist Feminist critique to the Global Feminist notion of Women's Rights as Human Rights. First and foremost, what are the concepts of Global feminism and Transnational feminism? Charlotte Bunch explains Global Feminism as something which â€Å"has...a way of describing the growth of feminism(s) around the world...† (Bunch 129). The core concept of Global Feminism is that women around the world are united amongst the overarching issue of patriarchy. In this view of feminism, it can be argued, such as theorists Mendoza, Said and Spivak do, that global feminism suffers from a Western perspective, or as Mendoza says, it â€Å"produces a global feminism whereby First World feminists are positioned as saviors of their poor Third World sisters† (Mendoza 319). Transnational feminism, as described by Mendoza, can be understood as a view where â€Å"the term...points to the multiplicity of the world's feminisms and to the increasing tendency of national feminisms to politicize women's issues beyond the borders of the nation state...the position feminists worldwide have taken a... ...Locations; Global and Local, Theory and Practice, edited by Marianne deKoven, pp 129-146.  © 2001 New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press Butler, Judith â€Å"Excerpt from Introduction to Bodies that Matter† in The Gender/Sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy, edited by Roger N. Lancaster; Michaela de Leonardo, pp. 531-542.  © 1997 Routledge Grewal, Inderpal â€Å"Women's Rights as Human Rights: Feminist Practices, Global Feminism and Human Rights Regimes in Transnationality† in Citizenship Studies, 3:3, pp 337-354.  © 1999 Taylor and Francis Ltd.. Mendoza, Breny â€Å"Transnational Feminisms in Question† in Femnist Theory, 3:3, pp. 295-314.  © 2002 Sage Publications. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1995. â€Å"Can the Subaltern Speak?† in The Post-Colonial Studies Reader, edited by B. Ashcroft, G. Griffiths and H. Tiffin, pp. 24-28.  © 1995 New York: Routledge

Cause and Effect of Bullying Essay

Why are students bulled? Why are they bulled? What makes other want to bully others? If bullies have victimized you you would understand how it feels to be bulled. You wonder why this is happening to you. We all know that bullying is wrong. Bringing someone down has no beneficial purpose. The person being victimized is going through the hardest time of their life; but to the bully it makes them feel good and take that moment to do permanent damage to the victim. There are many causes and effects to bulling and they both lead to each other. There is always a reason why a person is being bullying or why he or she is bulling. One of the effects of bulling is it could bring down the victims self-confidence. It can cause depression, suicidal thoughts, suicidal attempts, abnormal fears, and worries. The victims would have fear of speaking publicly or joining any sports or groups. It could create sleep disorders, nervous habits, poor appetite, digestive problems, school problems, and rage. The victim can have nervous brake down and frequently crying. The effect of bulling can lead the victim to wonder if they are doing anything wrong, think twice about the actions being taken. Never show them selves or try to make friends. These are some effects of bulling but, why causes bulling? The causes of bullying would be neglect from parents and parents uninvolved with their children. The bullies want to get noticed because they don’t have any attention at home. The bullies like having power over their peers. They think its cool and funny; bullies have an aggressive personality and lack of adult supervision. They are usually jealousy of other who have it better and torment the victims to bring up their self-confidence. They also take revenge on their victims. They want to take their feelings out on others. They believe that by bulling they get power. They believe that just because they have power they can get away with things. They might also bully because they have low self-confidence issues. These are some causes of bullying. The causes of bullying could lead up to the effects of bullying. Bullies bully because they are neglected and take out their anger on their peers. They want to bring others down so they could bring them selves up. They have lack of supervisions form parents, teachers, and school staff. There are many reasons why people bully but they bully mostly because they want to be noticed.

A Report On Nigerian Government - 1250 Words

Due to Nigeria’s corrupt government, their citizens are deprived of the steadly revenue that the country makes thru the oil companies operating in their country. Most profits are taken from the public and are kept held with Nigerian officials. People in the Nigeria are currently living in extreme poverty. Government officials are taking all of the profits made from the sales of oil leads to a horrible infrastructure. Nigerian citizens are unable to have access to electricity and water. On another note, CIA World Factbook states that the literacy rate in Nigeria is currently seventy-two percent and females at fifty percent (CIA Work Factbook). Due to the corruption of government officials, making it hard for Nigeria to create growth within†¦show more content†¦(Parrish 1) Shell has and is continually trying to decrease the level of corruption in the workplace by setting strict consequences for any violations of the set principles. In July 2009, Shell participated taking money and cheating buyers by selling less amounts of gas at a higher price. BBC News reported that Shell admits to fueling corruption. There have been several claims of employees giving and receiving gifts, as well as participating in the collection of facilitation payments. For the Nigerian people, building strong relationships among the workplace is important, especially when it comes to top management. Business etiquette in Nigeria also consists of honesty, but because poverty is so high in Nigeria bribery has taken a toll in the workplace. Internally, there is a lot of illegal gifting and monetary bribery among lower level employees and top management in exchange for promotions. Externally, Shell Nigeria has even gone as far as accepting forms of bribery from outside buyers in exc hange for business deals. HR is majorly impacted by Shell Nigeria’s actions. Because Shell sets high principles for their employees to follow, they expect their employees to know and abide by these standards. Discrimination Within Employees According to John Donovan from Royal Dutch Shell PLC, the Dutch Commission For Equal Treatment (THE CGB)